Alberta – Election 2019
This has been a very divisive campaign. It’s challenged us all to examine our values and what we stand for. The old political labels aren’t fitting well for many of us as our views and values evolve. We’re being asked to rank order our fiscal and social beliefs as never before and figure out what that means for our vote.
If you’re my friend in whatever sphere, you know I have strong feelings about public life, society, fairness and love. In my curated social media life I try for being informative and doing no harm.
This election I chose to put more of my views on Facebook than I usually do. It’s a risk to step further out into the realm of opinion and it wasn’t one I took lightly.
I did so because the stakes are so high. Our choices in this election will tell the rest of Canada whether we are socially progressive, whether we are negotiators or fighters, and whether we act in our best interests with anger or wisdom.
Thank you to everyone who enter into the discussion with me. You did so very respectfully. I hope I did the same. And thank you to so many friends who have told me they appreciated my posts. Your encouragement was so important.
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Tags: #ableg #abvote #abpoli
Palliative Care Matters
In 2016, I had the privilege of being part of a team of consultants from Buksa working with Covenant Health on a national public engagement on palliative care. I’ve worked on policy and engagement projects for over thirty years. Palliative Care Matters stands out for how it remained focused on the views of Canadians, kept lay people involved and was academically rigorous.
The following is from a presentation on Palliative Care Matters I made at the Rundle Summit in February 2017.
Like many persistent social problems, there have been calls for change to palliative care in Canada for decades. Reports have been written and conferences held. However, access and quality are still problems.
In 2016, Covenant Health saw an opportunity to advocate for change: Public interest was high as a result of attention paid to medical assistance in dying as a public policy issue and the discussion Canadians were having around end of life.
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Network Power
I’m a sometime Twi
tter user, always a little bemused by the platform. For me, Twitter is a swift flowing river where I occasionally dip my hand to catch information or add to the volume. Last week, however, while at the Canadian Patient Safety Institute 10th Anniversary Conference, I tweeted “The answer to increasing complexity is simplicity. Nikhil Joshi. #asklistentalk” and added this photo.
Andre Picard from the Globe and Mail retweeted it and within a few days, my tweet had 2,426 views, 16 favorites, 14 link visits, 27 retweets. Andre Picard – @picardonhealth – is a powerful node with 29,000 followers. I understand network theory, I know how these things work, but it was a little rush when I went just a bit viral.
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Tags: @patientsafety, social networks, Twitter
I had the privilege of speaking with Sue Robins at the Canadian Patient Safety Institute last fall. Hers is an important and thoughtful voice. What she says here about compassion is so important. “The problem of hospital ED overcrowding may not go away anytime soon, but it is very important how patients and families are treated during their time in the ED.”
Log in at http://www.gowebcasting.com/events/cpsi-virtual-forum/2013/11/01/navigating-a-complex-system-tips-from-professional-communicators/play to view our presentation.
Today, I had the great pleasure of speaking to Emergency Department professionals at the WEDOC 2014 conference. I think the most exceptional health professionals conferences are the ones that include a direct patient voice in their speaker lineup.
My levels of anxiety about public speaking seem to vary depending on the audience. Today I drove white-knuckled to the hotel, and sat in a cold sweat for the 45 minutes before I stood up to speak. I was in the rather intimidating position of speaking before Olympic gold medalist Jennifer Heil, but was grateful that I was scheduled early on the agenda.
Emergency department staff and physicians are an important audience to me. Aaron has taken us to ED on several occasions. I am grateful for the triage nurse who listens to my gut feeling when I say, ‘he is really really sick,’ and to the doctor who talks to Aaron directly…
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Yoga
I just saw that the yoga studio I go to shows the history of all classes attended. In the last year, I’ve attended 104 classes, or as they say, brought myself to the mat 104 times. That’s about 3 times a week, factoring in holidays and other life events that threw me off track. I’ve never been much of a joiner and my past is littered with punch cards for fitness classes that still have an embarrassing number of visits left on them, so I find this remarkable. I think that yoga is holding my attention because I’m learning that the more I practice, the harder it gets as the difficulty of the simplicity reveals itself. And I’m really enjoying regaining the strength I used to take for granted.
YAY!
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#APCC12
I’m off to attend the 2012 Accelerating Primary Care Conference where I’ll be writing daily summaries of what’s covered in the conference’s sessions. I’m also going to be presenting my poster on eHealth, Social Media and Chronic Disease Management: The Patient Perspective and looking at ways that clinicians and educators are using social media (or not) in their interactions with their patients with chronic disease.
Dr. Michael Evans is the keynote speaker on Sunday night. He’s online at My Favourite Medicine and is using the abundance of Web 2.0 to provide great advice to clinicians and people on ways to better manage their chronic conditions and improve their overall health. Check out his video the ABC’s of Diabetes. Great advice, but wonder if he will consider adding an information prescription to the social network component of his change prescription?
If you’re interested in the conference, check it out on Twitter #APCC12 or #primarycare. We’ll be posting the daily summaries so you can find out what’s happening. I’ll post links on my blog and tweet them out, too. “See” you there.
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Well, maybe not final thoughts. There are a lot of things that I want to follow up as a result of what I’ve learned about social media for people with chronic conditions. A few that might be interesting include:
- While Weitzman et al.(2010) and Greene et al. (2010) developed research frameworks for analyzing online information and sites, there are other ways to analyze sites, including Martin-Niemi and Greatbanks’ (2010) ten enabling conditions. Establishing a rating system was beyond the scope of this course but is one that I may explore further.
- Developing an easy to administer questionnaire for patients would help health educators in developing an information prescription. The market segmentation done for commercial interests may or may not hold true for people with a chronic disease.
- It would be interesting to analyze user perceptions of various sites and compare them to clinical assessments of their utility and usefulness.
- It would be good to look further at the connection between the increased use of peer-to-peer health connections online and better health outcomes.
- It would also be useful to look further at best practices in social media use by health advocacy organizations.
When I set out the parameters for this blog series as part of independent coursework at the University of Alberta Masters in Communications and Technology, I wanted to review the use of health condition-related social networking sites and how people interact and use them. One of the challenges I found was defining a social networking site, which is why I devoted some time to developing definitions. There really didn’t seem to be very much in the literature on the different kinds of sites and their pros and cons. Another gap appeared to be in addressing the privacy implications of using Facebook for health-related community building.
I had also hoped to look at the proceedings of COACH’s ehealth conference held earlier in 2012. COACH is Canada’s health informatics association. However, the organization didn’t make full proceedings available.
In a third part of the course, I submitted an abstract for a poster presentation at the Accelerating Primary Care Conference November 19-22, 2012, which was accepted and I hope to blog from the Conference. Click here is you’d like to view the poster Accelerating Primary Care 2012 Poster: Judith Dyck.
And a heartfelt thanks to Dr. Ann Curry and Dr. Fay Fletcher for their patience and acting as supervisors for this project. As people with a chronic disease and students always discover, one doesn’t journey alone.
References
Greene, J., Choudrhy, N., Kilabuk, E., & Shrank, W. (2010). Online social networking by patients with diabetes: A qualitative evaluation of communication with facebook. Journal of General Internal Medicine 26(3), 287-292.
Martin-Niemi, F. & Greatbanks, R. (2010). The ba of blogs: enabling conditions for knowledge conversion in blog communities. Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 40(1), 7-23.
Weitzman, E., Cole, E., Kaci, L., & Mandl, K. (2010). Social but safe? Quality and safety of diabetes-related online social networks. Journal of American Medical Informatics Association 2011; 18, 292-297.
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Tags: chronic disease, social networking sites, social-media
Like any endeavour in life, it’s best to be armed with some awareness of what to do and what not to do before proceeding. What follows are my tips for patients going online that clinicians might want to pass along. If you do, please acknowledge the source.
Ten Tips for Patients Going Online
- Inform yourself on what’s available. There are lots of different options.
- Try different applications. Download a monitoring app. Log your workouts. Follow a blog.
- Find a site that’s checked by health professionals and community participants. Look for a commitment to removing or identifying misleading, inaccurate and abusive posts.
- Find a site that allows you to post with a user name. It’s almost always better not to use your own name if you are going to share your experiences about your health.
- Find out who is giving advice. Know if it’s a patient, a clinician or someone interested in selling or promoting something. Factor that into what you do with the information. If you can’t find out or have concerns, proceed with caution. Like everything in life, you have to assess the risks and benefits.
- Find out who owns the site. It provides a lot of insight into what is featured on the site.
- Check with your health team before making changes to your treatment plan. A reputable site will recommend that you do this. Your health team considers all aspects of your health. What works for one person may not work for you.
- Read the privacy policies on sites before you join a site. Are their policies clearly written? Can you figure out if your personal information will be shared with advertisers and how that might happen? Will you be contacted by other organizations? Who can access your information? You need to know and be comfortable.
- Use Facebook pages as an information source. ‘Liking’ Facebook pages is a great way to get information delivered to your page on Facebook. However, think twice before sharing health related information. That’s your ‘real’ identity on Facebook; people can track back and link it with other aspects of your life.
- And finally, participate. That’s how you will get the most benefit. Interaction can help you feel happier, improve your health outcomes and help answer your questions.
If you’re interested in another take, an article on Weitzman et al.’s (2010) work on analyzing sites offered the following safety tips:
Safety Tips for Patients Using Online Social Networks
- Look for sites where the basic description of the disease and how to care for it is consistent with information provided by your doctor. Be very cautious of sites that advertise miracle “cures.”
- Find the privacy policy of any website where you register as a member, and make sure that you understand it.
- Try to use sites where you have maximal control over the sharing of your health data — where you can designate whether the information you disclose will be available to anyone online, members only or members who are “friends.”
- Look for websites that clearly label advertisements and disclose conflicts of interest.
- Try to use sites that have moderators and at least periodically undergo external review.
- Always remember that going online is not a replacement for visiting your doctor.
Remember, a caution sign is not a stop sign. There’s a lot of good online for people with chronic disease. Health care providers can do a lot to help their patients benefit from social media use.
References
Boston Children’s Hospital. (2011, February 8). Quality varies in social networking websites for diabetics. Accessed at (http://childrenshospital.org/newsroom/Site1339/mainpageS1339P687.html)
Weitzman, E., Cole, E., Kaci, L., & Mandl, K. (2010). Social but safe? Quality and safety of diabetes-related online social networks. Journal of American Medical Informatics Association 2011; 18, 292-297.
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Tags: chronic disease, social networks, social-media, Top Ten
Understanding the range of resources and platforms on the web is critical when advising people about the kinds of opportunities they will find there for support, information and resources. Using the categories developed by Rozen et al. (2012) described in Part Four of the Information Description, here are some starting points for thinking about what information to prescribe to whom:
- The “no show” who can’t see the point of Facebook or Twitter may benefit from starting to access blogs, which are more like a newsfeed and could act as a non-threatening way for them to get information and start to feel connected with a community.
- “Newcomers”, “onlookers” and “cliquers” may benefit from being directed to social networking sites for people with which they share a chronic condition in addition to the communities of which they are already aware.
- “Sparks” and “mix-n-minglers” will be way ahead of everyone else and able to offer a lot of insights into good resources.
Site Reviews
The internet has been rightly criticized as providing a lot of misinformation and even dangerous information. Those are good reasons to be cautious and a compelling call to action to providers to assist patients in becoming discerning consumers and participants. That means understanding what’s on offer.
Despite having spent months looking into the use of the internet for people with chronic conditions, I know that I have only scratched the surface or perhaps have only begun to see where the surface might actually begin. Providers need to accept that when it comes to online communities for their patients, they are unlikely to ever know more than a bit about what’s on offer.
In researching social networking sites, I took a personal approach by searching the way I would usually look for personal information. I first looked for a Canadian site using the phrase “Canadian diabetes sites” on Google, assuming that this was likely the way that most people would begin their search. Three were recommended at http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/best-diabetes-web-sites-for-canadians.html; all were more informational than oriented towards social networking, which got me looking further.
- Dr. Ian Blumer’s site offers general information and advice about diabetes, tips, new developments, and answers to questions. (Dr. Blumer’s biography notes that he wrote Diabetes for Canadians for Dummies. )
- The Canadian Diabetes Association’s looks at diabetes issues from a Canadian perspective. Particularly helpful is the listing of resources available in your province or territory or even within your community, but again, it wasn’t an interactive community building site. For that, the Association appears to rely on its Facebook page.
- The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation of Canada also provided information, but again, not a community building experience nor with opportunities for interaction with other diabetics.
Further searches turned up social networking sites:
- The Diabetes Care Community. The Community is a Canadian site that blends the informational and interactive aspects of social media and traditional websites. It describes itself as “a network of family and friends of people living with diabetes, who share experiences, learn from others and find credible information from some of Canada’s leading diabetes healthcare professionals” (http://www.diabetescarecommunity.ca/Home.aspx, n.d.). There is some interaction happening in the discussion sections, with people sharing information. However, interestingly, the discussion comments on emotional support were about people looking for in-person support groups. It didn’t appear to occur to the members that they could act as an online support group for each other.
- Another Canadian social networking site is PeoplewithDiabetes.ca, which has its roots in advocacy. While people do post questions and significant information is provided on a range of issues, it doesn’t appear that there is significant peer to peer interaction on the site.
- Diabetes Innovations is an interesting, engaging and informative Facebook page supported by BD. BD is a medical technology company that manufactures and sells a broad range of medical supplies, devices, laboratory equipment and diagnostic products. Some of the information on the site has been tagged as self-serving by at least one user, who complained that BD was promoting the use of shorter needles that he hadn’t found to be effective, but were a product of BD. “Oh wait…your (sic) one of those organizations profiteering off diabetics (sic)misfortunes by inventing redundant products.”
- Diabetic Connect is a comprehensive site owned by Alliance Health. It has the most extensive interactive community that I found, with thousands of responses to diabetes discussions started by members. Discussions can be accessed by topic, most popular, those that are active and the ones most liked. The discussions are monitored by patient/community advocates. There is also a section where questions can be asked of a nurse, dietitian and endocrinologist. The privacy policies are clearly posted, along with guidelines on how to participate. The site offers recipes, news articles, product reviews, videos and more. The Health Centre offers articles on different aspects of diabetes that have been reviewed by clinicians. Diabetic Connect posts ads and offers, but members on the site have to opt to receive more information or offers. I joined this site after receiving written permission from Diabetic Connect to do so, which allowed me to delve deeper into the site that I would have otherwise been able to. To date, Diabetic Connect appears to be the gold standard in social networking sites.
- Diabetes Self Management is an award winning site owned by R.A. Rapaport Publishing. People can subscribe to a magazine or read the blog online. Comments to blog posts are welcome and membership in the site is not required. Commentators are asked not to publish personal information. The editorial board includes clinicians and researchers from across the United States. There does not appear to be a significant volume of commenting on the blog posts.
- WebMD is a popular site that has a diabetes community page with over 5000 members. They describe their community as a safe place where people with similar health issues “can meet each day to talk, share stories, and make new friends” as well as interact with health experts. Personal information is used primarily for administrative purposes, to customize advertising, and for research. Personal information is aggregated.
What follows isn’t even an attempt to scratch the surface of blogs. Perhaps the best way to find blogs that you want to follow or recommend is to go to the websites above and start following links from ones you find to be better resources.
- The Society for Participatory Medicine has a good website participatorymedicine.org with blogs at e-patients.net and a journal at jopm.org
- HealthcareITNEWs is good for keeping up to date on technology http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/
- In addition to HealthcareITNEWS, HIMMS also publishes mHimss. Link here to an interesting article on a symposium held last week on connecting patients and providers. http://www.mhimss.org/news/symposiums-lesson-patients-providers-need-be-more-connected
- http://www.diabetesmine.com/ is a patient oriented blogging site affiliated with Diabetic Connect that calls itself a “goldmine of straight talk and encouragement”.
- http://www.d-mom.com/about/about-d-mom-blog/ is an example of a D-Mom blog – mother of a child with diabetes.
- BlogRank has a listing of the top 25 diabetes blogs at http://www.invesp.com/blog-rank/diabetes. The site uses factors including indexed pages and incoming links to rank blogs .
- http://www.invesp.com/blog/blogging/how-does-blog-rank-calculates-the-ultimate-rank.html
- Sharecare has a list of top communicators with diabetes at http://www.sharecare.com/static/sharecare-now-diabetes
Assessing the Quality of a Social Media Site
While confidentiality and privacy are two primary concerns, quality of information, community norms and issues of ownership of social media sites are other concerns. Check out who owns a site and who sponsors it. Look for transparency about the credentials of those posting articles. Find sites that are moderated and where misleading and abusive posts are removed. Look for symbols on sites that show that they have been certified.
One of the voluntary certification organizations is Honour Code. Its principles include giving the qualifications of authors so you know who wrote the article, respecting the privacy of users, citing the sources and dates of medical information, transparency and financial disclosure, among others. For more information go to http://www.hon.ch/HONcode/Patients/Visitor/visitor.html
TRUSTe offers a privacy “best practices” seal. Diabetic Connect, for example, displays their seal and has a very clear and informative privacy policy. More information on Diabetic Connect’s certification and Truste can be found at http://privacy.truste.com/privacy-seal/Alliance-Health-Networks/validation?rid=fbf340a1-6401-40cd-9968-31e73635a8b8.
In my seventh post in this series, I will be talking about best practices for going online and offering my ten tips for patients and clinicians.
References
Rozen, Askalani and Senn (2012). Staring at the sun. Identifying, understanding and influencing social media users. Aimia. Accessed October 30, 2012 at http://www.pamorama.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Aimia-Social-Media-White-Paper-6-types-of-social-media-users.pdf
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Tags: certification, chronic disease, reviews, social networking sites
In choosing a site or sites to recommend or use, it’s important to know something about the range of options available. I’ve categorized the kinds of sites into four categories:
- social networking sites,
- blogs,
- health monitoring sites
- informational websites
The lines between the different types of sites tend to blur. Most social networking sites have a blog as one of their features. Blogs will have connections to informational websites and social networking sites. Health monitoring sites will have connections to other sites as well. This isn’t surprising; web 2.0 is about connections (see my May 22 post). Nevertheless, all have their uses and it’s important to understand the range of online resources available and their strengths and drawbacks.
Social Networking Sites
Weitzman et al. (2011) defined social networking sites as “internet-based social systems that allow a distributed community of individuals to connect, communicate and share information, and establish a stable personal identity or profile by which individuals can be recognized and connect to other individuals, groups or collectives” (p. 292). Pew Internet defines online social networks as spaces on the internet where users can create a profile and connect that profile to others (individuals or entities) to create a personal network (Lenhart, 2009). These interaction-focused sites are arguably better options for people seeking an online community than blog communities. In fact, sites targeted to a single disease state and a very specific population may be the best options for people looking for an online community because of the enhanced opportunities for interaction.
Social networking sites may be standalone sites or hosted on a platform such as Facebook. The primary difference between a standalone site and one hosted on Facebook is how individuals are identified: on Facebook, a person is mostly likely identified by their real name and not a user name that masks their personal information. Also on Facebook, a person participating on a page can be traced back to their home by any other Facebook member, and depending on the privacy options chosen by the individual, others they don’t know may be able to access a significant amount of personal information including where they live, went to school, work, etc. Standalone sites often reproduce the ease of interactivity of Facebook with its likes and easy interaction within the safety of a ‘gated’ community. (See my previous post for an expanded discussion on the use of Facebook as a hosting site.)
Facebook dominates social media use, with two-thirds of online adults using the site (Brenner, 2012). Other popular social media platforms include Twitter and Pinterest. Twitter can be an excellent information gathering tool by following interest groups or thought leaders. Its strength for many lies in its ability to provide access to trending information on topics of interest. The 140 character limit per each tweet may seem brief, but conversation is often lively and a search by keyword on Twitter can be a good way to access the latest developments on any topic.
As for Pinterest, think of it as an electronic bulletin board where people ‘pin’ photos and info that they find interesting, amusing or descriptive of their life. Google search ‘diabetes pinterest’ and you’ll get a quick introduction into the visual richness Pinterest holds. Both Twitter and Pinterest allow members to participate with a user name.
YouTube is another social networking platform where people with chronic diseases are sharing information and providing understanding and emotional support. People create and post videos on YouTube, but there is an active community of people who comment as well. Video can be a powerful way to communicate and as the cost of producing video is reduced, more people can become producers of material. As well, video can be a preferred way to learn, particularly for people who don’t like to or have difficulty reading. Video can help overcome issues of health literacy by providing information in a verbal/visual format. Videos are available in many languages as well.
Here are two examples sourced through Dr. Blumer’s website http://www.ourdiabetes.com/:
- What not to say to the parent of a child with type 1 diabetes (85,091 views, 363 likes, 14 dislikes)
- The Diabetes Police (12,219 views, 80 likes and 2 dislikes) from the series My Life as a Pincushion.
Both offer valuable perspectives and ways of dealing with diabetes.
Blogs
Kolari, Finin and Joshi (2006) describe blogs as websites with dated entries in reverse chronological order. They are commonly personal or organized around a particular topic of interest. Blogs may have one or more contributors, but members are generally not contributors of articles and are limited to commenting. Membership is usually optional unless someone wants to post a comment, unlike social networking sites where many features are often available to members only.
Martin-Nieme and Greatbanks (2010) explain that blogs have largely replaced discussion boards and newsgroups. It can be useful to think of blog sites as online magazines with one or more contributors where people can make editorial comments.
While blogs are social media because of the opportunity to post comments, the number of comments made by people reading blogs appears low in comparison to social networking sites. Martin-Nieme and Greatbanks (2010) cite Baumer et al.’s finding that people felt part of a blog community even if they never commented (p. 12). Leaving comments is a secondary activity in a blog community. Blogs have as their main purpose the provision of information, with interaction and sense of community as an important, but secondary, feature. Further, the credentials of bloggers vary widely, as does the veracity of information. In a study on Finnish blogs on dietary issues, Savolainen (2010) found that the blogs were sources of support that emphasized sharing experiences and opinions, and not primarily sources of factual information. Nonetheless, many, if not most, are informative and engaging.
Informational Websites
Websites that primarily provide information have a primary goal of curating information and making it accessible to anyone interested in the organization or subject. For example, organizations such as the Canadian Diabetes Association have websites that are primarily informational. On informational websites, people are not encouraged to comment and there are no logins or membership requirements. Contacting the organization is generally limited to an email address provided under a “Contact Us” information page.
Health Monitoring Sites
These are sites that can be used to track health, lifestyle and fitness information. Some are websites and others are apps which can be downloaded to tablets or mobile devices and used to track weight, exercise, food intake, blood sugars, etc. Fox (2011) cites Pew research that found wireless users (generally smartphones and tablets) are more likely to track health data online, however, more than one in four adult internet users had tracked data online, either on a mobile device or a desktop.
The choices are many: a search of iPhone apps using the search term ‘diabetes’ turned up 541 options. A Google search using the phrase “most popular diabetes app” brought up many reviews done by dietitians, users and app creators. Apps can be social or not, depending on whether the user wants to connect with others. I use an app called “Map My Dogwalk”, and while I could share information on Facebook by enabling that feature, my dog and I choose to walk alone.
One desktop option for people with diabetes is PCMDR.ca, a Canadian website that offers free storage of personal health information, along with a blog and forum that members can utilize. The site endorses the Declaration of Health Data Rights from the Society for Participatory Medicine, which provides insight into the site’s philosophy:
- Have the right to our own health data.
- Have the right to know the source of each health data element.
- Have the right to take possession of a complete copy of our individual health data, without delay, at minimal or no cost; if data exist in computable form, they must be made available in that form.
- Have the right to share our health data with others as we see fit.
The different types of sites offer different experiences and information. The key is finding those that work for the individual. In my next post, I’ll provide some pointers on what to consider and a review of some options.
References
Brenner, J. (2012, November 13).Pew Internet: Social Networking (full detail). Accessed November 14, 2012 at http://pewinternet.org/Commentary/2012/March/Pew-Internet-Social-Networking-full-detail.aspx
Kolari, P., Finin, T., & Joshi, A. (2006). SVMs for the blogosphere: Blog identification and splog detection. American Association for Artificial Intelligence Proceedings. Accessed at http://www.aaai.org/Papers/Symposia/Spring/2006/SS-06-03/SS06-03-019.pdf
Lenhart, A. (2009, January 14). Pew Internet Project Data Memo. Accessed October 29, 2012 at http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media/Files/Reports/2009/PIP_Adult_social_networking_data_memo_FINAL.pdf.pdf
Martin-Niemi, F. & Greatbanks, R. (2010). The ba of blogs: enabling conditions for knowledge conversion in blog communities. Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 40(1), pp. 7-23.
Savolainen, R. (2010). Dietary blogs as sites of informational and emotional support. Information Research, 15(4). Accessed from http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3648464
Weitzman, E., Cole, E., Kaci, L., & Mandl, K. (2010). Social but safe? Quality and safety of diabetes-related online social networks. Journal of American Medical Informatics Association 2011; 18, pp 292-297.
Filed under: Social Media and Chronic Disease | 5 Comments
Tags: blogs, chronic disease, Pew, social networking sites.apps
judithdyck 